Conditional
sentence is used for expressing our hope or expectation toward something. A
conditinal sentence consist of two part : “main clause” and “if clause”.
There
are four types of conditional sentences in english:
• - 1st conditional sentences
• - 2nd conditional sentences
• - 3rd conditional sentences
• Conditional Sentence without “IF”
(Inversion)
1. Conditional
Sentence type 1 : if + simple present,
simple future,
Example : if i have much money, i will go to Bali Island.
Example : if i have much money, i will go to Bali Island.
a. Form
In a Type 1 conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause
is the simple present, and the tense in the main clause is
the simple future.
b.Function
In these sentences, the time is the present or future and
the situation is real. They refer to a possible condition and
its probable result. They are based on facts, and they are used to
make statements about the real world, and about particular situations. We often
use such sentences to give warnings.
Example :
• If you don't
leave, I'll call the police.
• If you don't
drop the gun, I'll shoot!
• If you drop that
glass, it will break.
• Nobody will notice if
you make a mistake.
• If I have time, I'll finish that
letter.
• What will you do if
you miss the plane?
• NOTE: We can
use modals to express the degree of certainty of the result:
• If you drop that
glass, it might break.
• I may
finish that letter if I have time.
2. Conditional
Sentence type 2 : if + simple past, past
future,
Example : if i had a car, i would give him money (jika saya memiliki mobil, saya akan memberinya uang)
Example : if i had a car, i would give him money (jika saya memiliki mobil, saya akan memberinya uang)
a. Definition:
2nd conditional (also called conditional
type 2) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present
or in the future. This page will explain how the second conditional is formed,
and when to use it. (Contrary-fact)
b. The structure of a second conditional
sentence
• Like a first
conditional, a second conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if”
clause and a main clause:
main clause
|
IF clause
|
If I had a million
dollars,
|
I would buy a big house.
|
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause
comes second, there is no need for a comma:
If Clause
|
Main clause
|
I would buy a big house
|
if I had a million dollars
|
If clause
|
Result Clause
|
If + simple past (V2)
|
would + V1
|
*Note: If, there’s a “to be” on the sentence. That’s only “were”
c. Examples & Using of Conditional Sentences
Example :
|
Explanation:
|
If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the rain.
|
I am not you — this is unreal.
|
If dogs had wings, they would be able to fly.
|
Dogs don't
have wings — that's impossible.
|
If I were a doctor, I would check your health.
|
In the Fact – You’re not a doctor.
|
If I had enough money, I would go to Seoul.
|
In the Fact
– You don’t have any money.
|
If I studied hard, I would pass the test successfully.
|
In the fact- You don’t study hard, so you don’t pass it successfully.
|
3. Rumus
Conditional Sentence tipe 3 : if + past perfect, past future perfect,
contoh : if i had had money, i would have bought a house (jika saya punya uang, saya akan membeli rumah) 3rd Conditional Sentences
contoh : if i had had money, i would have bought a house (jika saya punya uang, saya akan membeli rumah) 3rd Conditional Sentences
a. Definition
3rd conditional sentences is an
“impossible condition” , meaning it is contraty to the fact in
the past and there is no hope for the situasion to occur
because you were imagining something in the past.
b. The structure of 3rd Conditional Sentences
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two
clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
If clause
|
if + subject + past perfect verb*
|
Main clause
|
subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle
|
If clause
|
Main clause
|
If I had gone to surabaya last week,
|
I would have met my grandparents for the last time.
|
Note also that third conditional forms
can be contracted:
Full form
|
If I had studied harder, I probably
would have passed the exam.
|
Contracted form
|
If I'd studied harder, I probably
would've passed the exam.
|
c. Using
the third conditional
The third conditional is used to talk
about things which did not happen in the past. If your native
language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange,
but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:
Example
|
Explanation
|
If you had driven more carefully, you
would not have had an accident.
|
Criticism: You had
an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
|
If we had played a little better, we
could have won the game.
|
Regret: We didn't
play well, so we lost the game.
|
If you had saved your money, you could
have bought a computer.
|
Criticism: You
didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
|
If it had snowed, we could have gone
skiing.
|
Regret: It didn't
snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
|
- Remember guys!
1. The conditional construction does not
normally use will or would in if clauses.
EXCEPTION: If will or
would express willingness, as in requests, they can be used in if-clauses. e.g.
If you will come this
way, the manager will see you now. I would be grateful if you would give me a
little help. (= ± please, come this way; please, give me...)
2. For the second conditional, were replaces
was:
If I were a rich
man...
3. After if, we can either use
"some(-one, -where...)" or "any(-one, -where...).
If I have some spare
time next weekend....or....f I have any spare time...
4. Instead of if not, we can use unless. e.g.
I'll be back tomorrow
unless there is a plane strike.
He'll accept the job
unless the salary is too low.
5. There is a "mixed type" as well,
for the present results of an unreal condition in the past:
If + Past Perfect -
would + inf.
If you had warned me
[then], I would not be in prison [now].
